Sotsiaalne uuring Teadlikkuse uuring rohumaade säilitamise tähtsuse ja sellest saadava kasu kohta Kristina Veidemane, BEF-Latvia 2015
Uuringu eesmärgid Hinnata sotsiaalset teadlikkust rohumaade säilitamise tähtsusest ja sellest saadavast kasust Koguda täiendavaid sotsiaalmajanduslikke andmeid piirkonna iseloomustamiseks Saada teavet projekti tegevustes osalemise soovi kohta
Uuringu teostus Koostati 2 pisut erinevat küsimustikku projekti peamistele sihtrühmadele: Ametnikud ja planeerijad projektialadelt ja mujalt Talupidajad ja maaomanikud projektialadelt Ingliskeelsed küsimustikud tõlgiti eesti, läti ja leedu keelde Online küsitlused eesti, läti ja leedu keeles Online uuring 2 kuud veebruar-märts 2018
Sihtrühm 2 peamist sihtrühma Ametnikud ja planeerijad projektialadelt ja mujalt Talupidajad ja maaomanikud projektialadelt Vastajate nimekirja koostamine projekti huvirühmade kontaktide andmebaas + Keskkonnaameti abi Rühmad Eesti Läti Leedu Kokku Ametnikud ja planeerijad 15 40 14 69 Talupidajad ja maaomanikud 38* 3 5 55 Kokku 53 43 19 115 * Saaremaa vald
Talupidajate/maaomanike profiil (Eesti) Tööhõive Haridus 8% 6% 2% 0% 43% 8% 14% 19% Employee Employer Self-employed Unemployed Full time farmer Part time farmer Retired Other 44% 9% 9% 26% Basic Other Secondary (vocational) Secondary, gymnasium University degree 12% Sugu: 30 meest(73%); 8 naist(27%) Vanus: keskmine53; noorim-26; vanim-73 Elukoht Arv Projektiala püsielanik 30 Projaktiala nädalalõpu-ja suveelanik 5 Elab mujal 3
Talupidajad: maa omamine Land ownership 4% 9% 30% I own agriculture land I own and rent agriculture land Kõigil vastajatel on rohumaid 90% rohumaadest asub Natura 2000 alal Rohumaade pindala 21% 36% I rent and manage agriculture land I own and/or rent out but do no manage the agriculture land Other 16 14 12 10 8 6 Rohumaade hooldamine 4 2 0 <10 ha 10-50 ha 51-100 ha 101-200 ha >200 ha
Ametnikud/planeerijad: profiil Üle 90% vastajatest kõrgharidusega Erinevad huvirühmad: Kohalikud omavalitsused (3); kaitseala kaitsekorralduse planeerijad (1); Keskkonnaameti regioonid (4) ja keskus (1); riikliku tasandi poliitikakujundajad (ministeerium) (1), Maaelu toetuste administraatorid (3); vabaühendused (1); maaelu nõustaja (1). 1. I live in Saaremaa vallas 3 2. I live in Läänemaal 4 3. I live elswere 8
Tulemused: TEADMISED ROHUMAADEST Kõik vastajad (v.a 1 talupidaja) on kuulnud poollooduslikest (bioloogiliselt väärtuslikest, kõrge loodusväärtusega) rohumaadest Poolloodusliku (bioloogiliselt väärtualiku rohumaa peamised tunnused Other Located outside nature protected area Located in nature protected area Presence of protected bird species Presence of protected plant species Lithuanian Auth Latvian Auth Estonian Auth Farmers Presence of EU protected habitats 0 10 20 30 40 50
Tulemused: poollooduslike rohumaade väärtus Talupidajad/maaomanikud Eesti ametiasutused high value for Estonia good (above average) value moderate value little value for Estonia Saremaa high value good (above average) value moderate value little value not at all not at all 0 5 10 15 0 2 4 6 8
Kas poollooduslikud rohumaad vajavad erilisi hooldusvõtteid? Kõik vastajad, v.a 1 talupidaja, arvavad, et on vajalik, et inimesed hooldaksid poollooduslikke kooslusi 86% vastanud Eesti talupidajatest saavad toetusi Eesti talupidajad 11% 11% Estonian auth 6% 7% 23% Latvian auth 5% Lithuanian auth 15% 0% 78% yes no I do not know 87% 72% 85%
Levinuimad rohumaade hooldamispraktikad (üldiselt Eestis ja vastaja talus/maadel) Others, e.g., horse grazing) cutting grass for haylage cutting grass for maintaining open landscape cutting grass for sillage cutting grass for hay cutting grass for biomass (energy) grazing by sheep grazing by cattle (beef, cow) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Estonia, authorities Estonia, farmer view management measures in the respondent's farm/holding
Levinuimad rohumaade hooldamispraktikad Balti riikides Lithuania, authorities Latvia, authorities Estonia, authorities 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% grazing by cattle (beef, cow) grazing by sheep cutting grass for biomass (energy) cutting grass for hay cutting grass for sillage cutting grass for maintaining open landscape cutting grass for haylage Others, e.g., horse grazing)
Talupidajate arvamus: PLK hooldamist stimuleerivad tegurid Eestis üldiselt Vastaja talus/maadel Products produced (e.g. hay) Traditions Environmental knowledge Moral obligation/mission Tourism Reputation of the farm/enterprise Maintaining village&rural life Landscape beauty Biodiversity Financial support (subsidies) Tourism Products produced (e.g. hay) Environmental knowledge Moral obligation/mission Traditions Reputation of the farm/enterprise Maintaining village&rural life Biodiversity Landscape beauty Financial support (subsidies) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know
Ametnike arvamus: PLK hooldamist stimuleerivad tegurid Eesti Reputation of the farm/enterprise Moral obligation/mission Products produced (e.g. hay) Traditions Tourism Maintaining village&rural life Landscape beauty Environmental knowledge Biodiversity Financial support (subsidies) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know
Ametnike arvamus: PLK hooldamist stimuleerivad tegurid Läti Leedu Moral obligation/mission Environmental knowledge Tourism Maintaining village&rural life Traditions Landscape beauty Reputation of the farm/enterprise Products produced (e.g. hay) Biodiversity Financial support (subsidies) Tourism Reputation of the farm/enterprise Moral obligation/mission Traditions Products produced (e.g. hay) Maintaining village&rural life Landscape beauty Environmental knowledge Biodiversity Financial support (subsidies) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know
Talupidajate arvamus: PLK hooldamist takistavad tegurid Eestis üldiselt Vastaja talus/maadel Reduction or termination of farming Activity/inactivity of Lack of livestock High age of farmers Bureaucracy Yield from semi-natural habitats is low Lack of time Problems with rental contracts Lack of successors Expenses exceed income Reduction or termination of farming Activity/inactivity of environmentalists Lack of livestock High age of farmers Lack of successors Lack of time Bureaucracy Problems with rental contracts Yield from semi-natural habitats is low Expenses exceed income 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know
Ametnike arvamus: PLK hooldamist takistavad tegurid Estonia Activity/inactivity of environmentalists Lack of livestock Lack of time High age of farmers Reduction or termination of farming Problems with rental contracts Lack of successors Yield from semi-natural habitats is low Bureaucracy Expenses exceed income 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know
Ametnike arvamus: PLK hooldamist takistavad tegurid Läti Leedu Yield from semi-natural habitats is low Bureaucracy Lack of time Problems with rental contracts High age of farmers Lack of livestock Lack of successors Expenses exceed income Lack of time High age of farmers Lack of livestock Bureaucracy Problems with rental contracts Lack of successors Yield from semi-natural habitats is low Expenses exceed income 0 10 20 30 40 50 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know
Talupidajate arvamus: Mõju Kavade ja planeeringute mõju talupidajatele Local teritorial (spatial) plans (Kohalikud(valla) arengukavad ja planeeringud) Regional teritorial (spatial) plans (Piirkondlikud(maakonna) arengukavad ja planeeringud) Nature Management plans (Kaitsekorralduskavad) Rural Development programme (Maaelu arengukava (MAK)) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Positively Not at all Negatively I do not know PLK hooldamise toetuse vajadus 61% 9% 30% Yes No I do not know AMETNIKUD -«JAH»: EE 12 (14-st); LV 36 (39-st); LT-Kõik
Eesti Ametnikud: PLK olulisus strateegiates ja planeeringutes Leedu Nature Management plans (Kaitsekorralduskavad) Local teritorial (spatial) plans (Kohalikud (valla) arengukavad ja planeeringud) Regional teritorial (spatial) plans (Piirkondlikud (maakonna) National Environmental Plan Rural Development programme (Maaelu arengukava (MAK)) Nature Management plans Local teritorial (spatial) plans Regional teritorial (spatial) plans National Environmental Plan Rural Development programme 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know Läti Local teritorial (spatial) plans Regional teritorial (spatial) plans National Environmental Plan Rural Development programme 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Very significantely significantely little not at all don`t know
Talupidajate arvamus: Mõju Huvirühmade mõju PLK hooldamisele PLK olemasolu mõju maa hinnale Local government State; national government 6% 18% Agricultural advisors Scientists Land owners Environmentalists Farmers 46% 30% increase decrease I do not know not at all 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 positive no influence negative
Talupidajate rohumaadelt saadavad ökosüsteemiteenused ja nende tähtsus Local climate regulation (e.g., temperature regulation) Water quality Weathering processes&soil fertility Keskkonnaprot sessid Maintaining habitats Pollination Erosion control Pollution retention, accumulation Bioremediation: pollution reduction, clean-up Materials (fibres) from plants Provided and it is very important Provided and it is important Provided, but it is not important Not provided, but would like to produce Not provided Saadused Herbs for medicine Biomass for energy Fodder Animals and their products 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Varustusteenused: ametnike arvamus Semi-natural grassland Permanent grasslands (longer than 5 years) Fibres and other materials from plants Herbs for medicine Biomass for energy Fodder Reared animals and their products 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Very important Important provided but not important not provided do not know Sown grasslands Fibres and other materials from plants Herbs for medicine Biomass for energy Fodder Reared animals and their products 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Very important provided but not important do not know Important not provided
Reguleerivad teenused: ametnike arvamus Semi-natural grassland Permanent grasslands Local climate regulation Chemical condition of freshwaters Weathering processes Maintaining habitats Pollination Erosion control Pollution retention, accumulation Bioremediation- pollution reduction, Very important provided but not important do not know 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Important not provided 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Sown grasslands Chemical condition of freshwaters Weathering processes Maintaining habitats Pollination Erosion control Pollution retention, accumulation Bioremediation- pollution reduction, clean-up 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Very important Important provided but not important not provided do not know
Talupidajate rohumaadelt saadavad ökosüsteemiteenused ja nende tähtsus Mil määral aitavad/aitaksid need taristu objektid lisaks talupidamisele pakkuda puhkuse- ja vabaajateenuseid? Educational sites Educational trails Social gathering sites Camping sites Area of hunting clubs Tourist trails Kultuuripärand talu maadel: Kultuurimälestised/muinsuskaitseobje ktid (kiviaiad, kalmed) 9 19. saj või varem ehitatud talu 9 Traditsioonilinemaakasutus(nt puisniit) 22 25 20 Kultuuripärandi olemasolu tähtsus Watching towers Rural recreational enterprise 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Exists and it is very important Exists and it is important Exists, but it is not important Is not existing in my farm, but would like to have Is not existing in my farm 15 10 5 0 high value good value not important it is an obstacle for my land management
Kultuuriteenused: ametnike arvamus Educational sites Educational trails Social gathering sites Camping sites Area of hunting clubs Tourist trails Watching towers Rural recreational enterprise 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Axis Title Exists and it is very important Exists and it is important Exists, but it is not important Is not existing, but would like to have Is not existing 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Kultuuripärandi olemasolu tähtsus high value good value not important it is an obstacle for land management
Informatsiooni/nõustamise vajadus PLK hooldamise kohta (Eesti) Talupidajad Ametnikud Other 3 Other 1 I do not know 14 I do not know 8 Individual advisory 10 Individual advisory support 2 I do not need support 3 I do not need support 2 Information materials 15 Information materials 5 Trainings 20 Trainings 4 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Peamised järeldused Teadmised rohumaade kohta Vastajad hindavad PLK väärtust kõrgeks või väga kõrgeks nii Saaremaa kui ka kogu Eesti jaoks PLKd vajavad hooldust, karjatamine on kõige levinum hooldusmeetod PLK hooldamine: Rahaline toetus on peamine stimuleeriv tegur, tähtsuselt teisel kohal on elurikkuse säilitamine Takistav tegur PLK hooldamise puhul on tulusid ületavad kulud (mõlema vastajate rühma arvates); PLK hooldamise toetus Ametnike arvates on toetus vajalik; talupidajate arvamus ebaselge
Peamised järeldused Informatsiooni/nõustamise vajadus: Paljud vastajad ei tea, kas vajavad informatsiooni/koolitust Talupidajad sooviksid individuaalset nõustamist Teabe- ja koolitusmaterjalid on siiski vajalikud