Table S1. Distribution of GAD and ADC homologs in Archaea Phylum Order Species GAD type ADC type Aeropyrum camini YP_

Väljavõte

1 Table S1. Distribution of GAD and ADC homologs in Archaea Phylum Order Species GAD type ADC type Aeropyrum camini YP_ Aeropyrum pernix NP_ Desulfurococcus fermentans YP_ Desulfurococcus kamchatkensis YP_ Desulfurococcus mucosus YP_ Hyperthermus butylicus YP_ Desulfurococcales Ignicoccus hospitalis Ignisphaera sedula Pyrolobus fumarii Staphylothermus hellenicus YP_ Staphylothermus marinus YP_ Thermogladius cellulolyticus YP_ Thermosphaera aggregans YP_ Acidianus hospitalis Metallosphaera cuprina Metallosphaera sedula Crenarchaeota Sulfolobales Metallosphaera yellowstonensis Sulfolobus acidocaldarius YP_ Sulfolobus islandicus Sulfolobus solfataricus Sulfolobus tokodaii Caldivirga maquilingensis Pyrobaculum aerophilum Pyrobaculum arsenaticum YP_ Pyrobaculum calidifontis Pyrobaculum islandicum YP_ Pyrobaculum neutrophilum YP_ Thermoproteales Pyrobaculum oguniense YP_ YP_ Thermofilum pendens Thermoproteus neutrophilus Thermoproteus tenax YP_ Thermoproteus uzoniensis Vulcanisaeta distributa Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia YP_ Archaeoglobus fulgidus NP_ Archaeoglobales Archaeoglobus profundus YP_ Archaeoglobus veneficus YP_ Ferroglobus placidus YP_ Haladaptatus paucihalophilus WP_ Halalkalicoccus jeotgali YP_ Haloarchaeum acidiphilum WP_ Haloarcula amylolytica WP_ Haloarcula argentinensis WP_ Haloarcula hispanica YP_ Haloarcula japonica WP_ Haloarcula marismortui YP_ Haloarcula sinaiiensis WP_ Haloarcula vallismortis WP_ Halobacterium salinarum NP_ Halobiforma lacisalsi WP_ Halobiforma nitratireducens WP_ Halococcus morrhuae WP_ Halococcus saccharolyticus WP_ Halococcus salifodinae WP_ Halococcus thailandensis WP_ Haloferax alexandrinus WP_ Haloferax denitrificans WP_ Haloferax elongans WP_ Haloferax gibbonsii WP_ Haloferax larsenii WP_

2 Euryarchaeota Halobacteriales Methanobacteriales Methanocellales Haloferax mediterranei Haloferax mucosum Haloferax prahovense Haloferax sulfurifontis Haloferax volcanii Halogeometricum borinquense Halogranum salarium Halomicrobium katesii Halomicrobium mukohataei Halopiger xanaduensis Haloquadratum walsbyi Halorhabdus tiamatea Halorhabdus utahensis Halorubrum aidingense Halorubrum californiense Halorubrum coriense Halorubrum hochstenium Halorubrum kocurii Halorubrum lacusprofundi Halorubrum lipolyticum Halorubrum saccharovorum Halorubrum tebenquichense Halosarcina pallida Haloterrigena limicola Haloterrigena thermotolerans Haloterrigena salina Haloterrigena turkmenica Halosimplex carlsbadense Halovivax asiaticus Halovivax ruber Natrialba aegyptia Natrialba asiatica Natrialba chahannaoensis Natrialba hulunbeirensis Natrialba magadii Natrialba taiwanensis Natrinema altunense Natrinema gari Natrinema pallidum Natrinema pellirubrum Natrinema versiforme Natronobacterium gregoryi Natronococcus amylolyticus Natronococcus jeotgali Natronococcus occultus Natronomonas moolapensis Natronomonas pharaonis Natronolimnobius innermongolicus Natronorubrum bangense Natronorubrum sulfidifaciens Natronorubrum tibetense Methanobacterium formicicum Methanobrevibacter ruminantium Methanobrevibacter smithii Methanosphaera stadtmanae Methanothermobacter marburgensis Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Methanothermus fervidus Methanocella arvoryzae Methanocella conradii Methanocella paludicola Methanocaldococcus fervens Methanocaldococcus infernus Methanocaldococcus jannaschii YP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ YP_ YP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ WP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ YP_ YP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ WP_ YP_ WP_ YP_ YP_ WP_ YP_ YP_ YP_ YP_ YP_ YP_ NP_ YP_

3 Korarchaeota Thaumarchaeota Nanoarchaeota Methanocaldococcus sp. FS YP_ Methanocaldococcus villosus WP_ Methanocaldococcus vulcanius YP_ Methanococcales Methanococcus aeolicus YP_ Methanococcus maripaludis NP_ Methanococcus vannielii YP_ Methanococcus voltae YP_ Methanothermococcus thermolithophicus WP_ Methanothermococcus okinawensis YP_ Methanotorris igneus YP_ Methanotorris formicicus WP_ Methanocorpusculum labreanum YP_ Methenoculleus bourgensis YP_ Methanoculleus marisnigri YP_ Methanofolis liminatans WP_ Methanolinea tarda WP_ Methanomicrobiales Methanoplanus limicola WP_ Methanoplanus petrolearius YP_ Methanoregula boonei YP_ Methanoregula formicica YP_ Methanosphaerula palustris YP_ Methanospirillum hungatei YP_ Methanopyrales Methanopyrus kandleri NP_ Methanococcoides burtonii YP_ Methanohalobium evestigatum YP_ Methanohalophilus mahii YP_ Methanomethylovorans hollandica YP_ Methanosaeta concilii YP_ Methanosarcinales Methanosaeta harundinacea YP_ Methanosaeta thermophila YP_ Methanosalsum zhilinae YP_ Methanosarcina acetivorans NP_ Methanosarcina barkeri YP_ Methanosarcina mazei NP_ Pyrococcus abyssi NP_ Pyrococcus furiosus YP_ Pyrococcus horikoshii NP_ Pyrococcus sp. NA2 YP_ Pyrococcus sp.st04 YP_ Pyrococcus yayanosii YP_ Thermococcus barophilus YP_ Thermococcales Thermococcus gammatolerans YP_ Thermococcus kodakarensis YP_ Thermococcus litoralis YP_ Thermococcus onnurineus YP_ Thermococcus sibiricus YP_ Thermococcus zilligii WP_ Thermococcus sp YP_ Thermococcus sp. AM4 YP_ Thermococcus sp. CL1 YP_ Ferroplasma acidarmanus YP_ Thermoplasmatales Picrophilus torridus YP_ Thermoplasma acidophilum Thermoplasma volcanium Candidatus Korarchaeum cryptofilum Cenarchaeales Cenarchaeum symbiosum Nitrosopumilales Nitrosopumilus maritimus Nanoarchaeum equitans Green colored boxes indicate the presence of a homolog on the genome, along with the accession number. White colored boxes indicate their absence.

4 Aful Saci Ptor Mmaz Mbur Mthp Mhun Hsal Mkan Mjan Mmar Mtht Paby Phor Pfur Tkod Hs67 MASSTPSSSATSSNAEPDPNTTNLRPTTYDTWCGVAHGCTRKLGLKICGFLQRTNSLEEK 60 Mm67 MASSTP-SPATSSNAGADPNTTNLRPTTYDTWCGVAHGCTRKLGLKICGFLQRTNSLEEK 59 Hs65 MASPGS---GFWSFGSEDGSGDSENPGTARAWCQVAQKFTGGIGNKLCALLYGD---AEK 54 Mm65 MASPGS---GFWSFGSEDGSADPENPGTARAWCQVAQKFTGGIGNKLCALLYGD---SGK 54 Aful Saci Ptor Mmaz Mbur Mthp Mhun Hsal Mkan Mjan Mmar Mtht Paby Phor Pfur Tkod Hs67 SRLVSAFKERQSSKNLLSCENSDRDARFRRTETDFSNLFARDLLPAKNGEEQTVQFLLEV 120 Mm67 SRLVSAFRERQSSKNLLSCENSDQGARFRRTETDFSNLFAQDLLPAKNGEEQTAQFLLEV 119 Hs65 PAESGGSQPPRAAARKAACACDQKPCSCSKVDVNYAFLHATDLLPACDGERPTLAFLQDV 114 Mm65 PAEGGGSVTSRAATGKVACTCDQKPCNCPKGDVNYAFLHATDLLPACDGERPTLAFLQDV 114

5 Aful --MDSSSVDIVLNKGGHNKSFEVKIYRIHTTKIMSFPNGSDAEGVLKRLEDYAKNDFEPH 58 Saci ---MKAFPDKPLSKQ DIYEIAKT YSRNDNEPL 29 Ptor --MLKRFPERGIPLD EINSILDG YGKNDIKNS 30 Mmaz MNEQGLSEREIF SYLENAKSE 21 Mbur MEENGKTKEEIL LFLKKAKSA 21 Mthp --MMYTFPEKGLSEDMVT DLLKEMRSR 25 Mhun MDAEGLSTDELF CFLQAKRNE 21 Hsal MTRG EARRP 9 Mkan MILQR 5 Mjan ---MRNMQEKGVSEKEIL EELKKYRSL 24 Mmar MDEQDIL NELREYRNQ 16 Mtht Paby ---MSKFPEKGLPREEVL NLLEDKTKV 24 Phor ----MKFPRIGLPKEKVI ELINEKTKK 23 Pfur ----MKFPRKGIPQEEVM RELEKYTSK 23 Tkod -----MFPERGASEEEVL RELEEKTRE 22 Hs67 VDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGV 180 Mm67 VDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGV 179 Hs65 MNILLQYVVKSFDRSTKVIDFHYPNELLQ---EYNWELADQPQNLEEILMHCQTTLKYAI 171 Mm65 MNILLQYVVKSFDRSTKVIDFHYPNELLQ---EYNWELADQPQNLEEILTHCQTTLKYAI 171 Aful SRRMWGHIYYAGL-KDVVELARKAYLMYMDKTMLDFTCFPSLLRMEREVVRMASSLLNGD 117 Saci SGRMWGHIYSLGLPEDVIEVSMTLYNQFINKTMLDFTVYPSVLRFENDIIAMASSLLGGN 89 Ptor RGRLFTYFYDPGL-KDLDDLS-SILLKFYNRNGMDYHAFPSTLKIENDLISMMSDLMHGN 88 Mmaz DTDYYR--VFSSMCTRPHKIAIEANRLFIEANLGDLGLFAGAHKLEQEVVRMLGNLLHAS 79 Mbur DASYER--VLSSMCTYPHEIAVLAHTQFIESNMGDPGLFPGTFNLEKQVLAMFGKMLHHK 79 Mthp DCPYDR--LLSTMCTRPHPVAVRAYSMFLETNLGDPGLFPGTAEIERRVVGILGSLLGCS 83 Mhun DFSYSH--ILSSMCTTPHPVAVQAHNLFMETNLGDPGLFPGTATLEDRLIRWFADLYHEP 79 Hsal PQEFDR--VLSSMCTTPHPAAREAAQAFLATNPGDPETYPAVAERERDAVALLGEIVGLS 67 Mkan DSDYSDGTVLGSMCTEPHPVAAEAFVAGLHVNLGDPYLFPNAYRAERECIGWLAETLLDH 65 Mjan DLKYEDGNIFGSMCSNVLPITRKIVDIFLETNLGDPGLFKGTKLLEEKAVALLGSLLN-- 82 Mmar DLKYEEGYILGSMCTKPHPMARKISEMFFETNLGDPGLFKGTSKLEKEVVSMIGGILH-- 74 Mtht -MTYTSGRILGSMCTSSHPLARRVYCDFLESNLGDPGLFRGTRELESGVIGMLGELLS-- 57 Paby DLTFSSGKILGSMCTMPHELAIEVFARYIDRNLGDPGLHPGTRKIEEEVIEMLSDLLH-- 82 Phor DLTFSSGKILGSMCTMPHDLAIEVYTKYIDRNLGDPGLHPGTRKIEEEVIEMISDLLH-- 81 Pfur DLSFSSGKILGSMCTLPHELAKEVFCMYMDRNLGDPGLHPGTKKIEEEVIEMLSDLLH-- 81 Tkod DLTFDSGKILGSMCTYPHPFAVKVVMKYIDRNLGDPGLHIGSQKIEKEAVDMLANLLG-- 80 * * * Hs67 RTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLNSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWS 240 Mm67 RTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWS 239 Hs65 KTGHPRYFNQLSTGLDMVGLAADWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLLEYVTLKKMREIIGWP 231 Mm65 KTGHPRYFNQLSTGLDMVGLAADWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLLEYVTLKKMREIIGWP 231

6 Aful ---EEVVG NFTYGGTESIMLALKAAREKFRKEEGG-----NVVPEIVLPAT 160 Saci ---EETVG NFTFGGTESIMVATKSARDYFLKRHS------SVIPEILLPVT 131 Ptor ---DDTSG TFTTGGTESILLAMKAARDLFLEKKE YVPEIVAPVT 129 Mmaz S-IDVPSGGLCQSSVCGYLTTGGTESNIQAVRGMKNLVTAGKKE----FKGTPNIVIPAS 134 Mbur N-SPEKAG YLTTGGTESNIQAIRSMHNFRHDISR PNIVMPES 120 Mthp ----DATG YVSTGGTESNIQAVRAARNSSGRRDG NIVVPRS 120 Mhun ----SAGG CTTSGGTESNIQVLRFCKKTKNVKEP NIIVPAS 116 Hsal ----SPHG YIAAGGTEANLQAVRAARNRADADAV NVVAPAS 104 Mkan PAPEEAEG SIVSGGTEANILAAYAAREVTG GR--EIIVPAT 104 Mjan --NKDAYG HIVSGGTEANLMALRCIKNIWREKRRKG-LSKNEHPKIIVPIT 130 Mmar --NKNAFG YLISGGTEANLTAMRAFKNISK SKGKPQNIIIPET 115 Mtht --EPDAAG HIITGGTEANLMAMRAARNMAG AEKPEIIVPKS 96 Paby --LEKGYG HIVSGGTEANILAVRAFRNISD AERPELILPKS 121 Phor --LEKGHG HIVSGGTEANILAVRAFRNLSD VEKPELILPKS 120 Pfur --LERGYG HIVSGGTEANILAVRAFRNLAD VENPELILPKS 120 Tkod --LEKGYG HIVSGGTEANILAVRAMRNLAG IEKPELILPES 119 * **** * * ** Hs67 S--KDGDG IFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEQ 289 Mm67 N--KDGDG IFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEH 288 Hs65 G--GSGDG IFSPGGAISNMYAMMIARFKMFPEVKEKGMAALPRLIAFTSEH 280 Mm65 G--GSGDG IFSPGGAISNMYAMLIARYKMFPEVKEKGMAAVPRLIAFTSEH 280 Aful AHPAFWKSAEYLGMRCLRAKLDDELR------ADVETVKELVGDK---TAMIVGSAPNYP 211 Saci AHPAFNKASDYLGMKVTPVKIDPERTT-----VDLEDLKSKLKEN---TAMIVASAPNYP 183 Ptor AHPAFSKAAKYLGMKITRVPVNEDYI ADDTINEYINDR---TAAVIASAPSFP 179 Mmaz AHFSFDKVADMMGIEVRRASLDSEFR------VDMASVEKLINEN---TIGLVGIAGNTE 185 Mbur AHFSFDKVANLSGIEIRKASLDKLLK------VDLDSVRSLIDKN---TIGLVGIAGTTE 171 Mthp AHFSFDKIADLLNLEVRKAELDESLR------VDVGDVERLIDDR---TVCLVGIAGTTE 171 Mhun AHFSFEKACGMMDIEMRVVPVDEQYR------MKTDAAGELIDKN---TCCIVGVAGTTE 167 Hsal AHFSFQKAADVLGVELRLAPTDGDHR------ADVAAVADLVDGD---TAVVVGVAGTTE 155 Mkan RHFSFEKAARMLRMKLVEAPLRSDYT------VDVDAVQDLISRD---TALIVGIVGTTE 155 Mjan AHFSFEKGREMMDLEYIYAPIKEDYT------IDEKFVKDAVED--YDVDGIIGIAGTTE 182 Mmar AHFSFDKAKDMMDLNVVRPPLTKYFT------MDVKFIKDYIEDSKNEVSGIVGIAGCTE 169 Mtht AHFSFRKAADILGLRLREAELDQDYR------VDVESVRKLISEN---TVAVVGVAGTTE 147 Paby AHFSFIKAGEMLGVKLVWAELKQDYA------VDVKDVEAKISDN---TIGIVGIAGTTG 172 Phor AHFSFIKAGEMLGVKLVWAELNPDYT------VDVRDVEAKISDN---TIGIVGIAGTTG 171 Pfur AHFSFIKAGEMLGVKLIWADLNPDYT------VDVKDVEAKISEN---TIGIVGIAGTTG 171 Tkod AHFSFIKAAEMLGVKLVWAELNDDYT------VNVKDVEKKITDR---TIGIVGIAGTTG 170 * * * * * Hs67 SHYSIKKAGAALGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADFEAKILEAKQKGYVPFYVNATAGTTV 349 Mm67 SHYSIKKAGAALGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADLEAKILDAKQKGYVPLYVNATAGTTV 348 Hs65 SHFSLKKGAAALGIGTDSVILIKCDERGKMIPSDLERRILEAKQKGFVPFLVSATAGTTV 340 Mm65 SHFSLKKGAAALGIGTDSVILIKCDERGKMIPSDLERRILEVKQKGFVPFLVSATAGTTV 340

7 Aful FGVVDDIKALSDIAVDGKLWLHVDACLGGFHLPFFRELG---EKIPDFDFSVEGVHSISA 268 Saci FGTIDDVKALSEIAQDKKLWLHVDSCIGGFLLPFLRDLG---EPIPPFDLSLEGVTSISA 240 Ptor YGGIDNIKDISEIALDKNTWFHVDACVGGMILPFLKGLG---LNIKDFDFKLPGVSSMSI 236 Mmaz FGQIDPIDKLSEVALENELFLHVDAAFGGFVIPFLEKPQ PFDFKVPGVTSIAI 238 Mbur FGQLDPINELSKIAIEKGIFLHIDAAFGGFVIPFMDIDY TYDFRLEGVTSMTI 224 Mthp FGQVDPIGDLSELAIENGIPLHVDAAFGGFVLPFLEKDC MWDFRAEGVQSITI 224 Mhun YGMTDPIPALGKLAEQEGVHLHVDAAFGGYVLPFLDDAP PFDFSVPGVGSIAV 220 Hsal YGRVDPIPALADIAAGVDANLHVDAAWGGFVLPFTDHD WSFADAPVNTMAI 206 Mkan TGSVDDIEALSDVAEDHGVPLHVDAAFGGFTAPFLREE----YPLPRFGFDLEAVVSVTV 211 Mjan LGTIDNIEELSKIAKENNIYIHVDAAFGGLVIPFLDDKYKKKGVNYKFDFSL-GVDSITI 241 Mmar LGSIDNICELSKIAVENDILLHVDAAFGGFVIPFLDDKYKLDGYNYDFDFSLNGVSSITI 229 Mtht LGRIDPVEELSEICLDEDIHLHIDAAFGGFIIPFLRETG---AELPEFDFKLQGVSSITV 204 Paby LGVVDDIPALSDLAREYGIPLHVDAAFGGFVIPFAKSLG---YDLPDFDFKLKGVESITI 229 Phor LGVVDDIPALSDLARDYGIPLHVDAAFGGFVIPFAKELG---YELPDFDFKLKGVQSITI 228 Pfur LGVVDDIPALSDLARDYGIPLHVDAAFGGFVIPFAKELG---YDLPDFDFKLKGVQSITI 228 Tkod LGVVDDIPALSDLALDYGLPLHVDAAFGGFVIPFAKALG---YEIPDFDFRLKGVKSITI 227 * * * * ** ** * * * * * ** Hs67 YGAFDPIQEIADICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHK LNGIERANSVTW 401 Mm67 YGAFDPIQEIADICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHK LSGIERANSVTW 400 Hs65 YGAFDPLLAVADICKKYKIWMHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHKWK LSGVERANSVTW 392 Mm65 YGAFDPLLAVADICKKYKIWMHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHKWK LSGVERANSVTW 392 Aful DFHKYGLSPRGASVILYRNAKLREGQIFVMASWPGYPLVN-TAVLSTRSAGTLAA Saci DLHKYGYAPRGASVVLFRNSSYREGSIFVMSRWPGYPIVN-TSVLSTRSAGPLAA Ptor DLHKYGFTPKGSSVVLYKNHDLRKRQIYVNADWPGYPMSN-MGMQATKSAGPLAG Mmaz DPHKMGLSTIPSGALLFRSPSFLDSLKVSTPYLT--TKSQ-FTLTGTRSGASAAA Mbur DPHKMALSTIPSGGLLFKEPEYFECLEIHTPYLS--VNKQ-YSLTGTRSGAGVAS Mthp DPHKMGMSPIPAGGLIFRSSDPLRRLETETYYLT--VSRQ-ASLTGTRSGAAAAA Mhun DPHKMGLSTIPSGVLMVRDERVFCNLLVETPYLT--TKQA-YSLTGTRPGASVAA Hsal DPHKMGQAPVPAGGFLARDPETLDALAIETPYLE--SDTQ-PTLGGTRSGAGVAG Mkan DPHKMGLVPPPAGGIVFRDDEFPKAIEVYAPYLSGGGASQ-YTITGTRPGAPVLA Mjan DPHKMGHCPIPSGGILFKDIGYKRYLDVDAPYLT--ETRQ-ATILGTRVGFGGAC Mmar DPHKMGLAPISAGGILFRDNMFKKYLDVDAPYLT--EKQQ-ATIIGTRSGVGVAS Mtht DPHKMGLAPIPSGCILFRDASYLDAMSIETPYLT--EKQQ-STIVGTRTGASAAA Paby DPHKMGMAPIPAGGIIFRRKKYLKAISVLAPYLAGGKVWQ-ATITGTRPGASVLA Phor DPHKMGMAPIPAGGIVFRRKKYLKAISVLAPYLAGGKVWQ-ATITGTRPGASVIA Pfur DPHKMGMAPIPAGGIVFRHKKYLRAISVLAPYLAGGKIWQ-ATITGTRPGASVLA Tkod DPHKMGMVPIPAGGIIFREKKFLDSISVLAPYLAGGKIWQ-ATITGTRPGANALA * ** * ** * Hs67 NPHKMMGVLLQCSAILVKEKGILQGCNQMCAGYLFQPDKQYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDI 461 Mm67 NPHKMMGVLLQCSAILVKEKGILQGCNQMCAGYLFQPDKQYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDI 460 Hs65 NPHKMMGVPLQCSALLVREEGLMQNCNQMHASYLFQQDKHYDLSYDTGDKALQCGRHVDV 452 Mm65 NPHKMMGVPLQCSALLVREEGLMQSCNQMHASYLFQQDKHYDLSYDTGDKALQCGRHVDV 452

8 Aful --AWAVMSYLGFDGYLKLAKKTLYAKKRLIDGLTELG-LELLG--SPEGAVLAFTSERH- 376 Saci --AWGIIHGLGKDGYRKLANRILNTRIKLTNELPKMG-YRILG--KPLGGIVSFTSEEF- 348 Ptor --SWATLNYLGLDGYKKLAEKTLKAYRMIRSGITDLG-YKIIG--RPDATIFAFTHNDK- 344 Mmaz --TCAVMKYLGYEGYRKNVQYCMELTSKIVEEARKLG-FEPLI--EPVMNVVALKVPN Mbur --TYAVMKHLGRKGYKKVVSDCMSVTKKLVDGAEKLG-INTVI--DPVLNIVALDVPE Mthp --TYAVIMHLGIDGYRKVVRRCMDMTEHLVSEARAMG-IEPVI--EPVMNVVALRVDD Mhun --AYAVMAYLGRKGMKALVTGCMENTRRMIEGMEAFG-VHRKV--TPDVNVATFEHVS Hsal --ALASLRALWPDGYREQYERTQGNAEYLAAELAARG-YD-VV--DPELPLVAADMPD Mkan --LYANILELGEEGYRRIAFRCYEETLKVAEKARELGLELAVD--PPHLNLVNIRLPDRG 321 Mjan --TYAVLRYLGREGQRKIVNECMENTLYLYKKLKENNFKPVI---EPILNIVAIEDEDY- 347 Mmar --TWGIMKLLGIDGYETLVNESMEKTMYLVKKAREYGFETAI---DPVMNIVALNDENK- 335 Mtht --TWAIMKHMGREGYRKLALRVMGVTRRLRDGLVELDYQLVV---EPELNIVAFNHPAMG 311 Paby --VWALIKHLGFEGYREIVRKAMELSRWFAEEIKKLNNAWLVR--EPMLNIVSFQTKN Phor --VWALIKHLGFEGYMRIVERAMKLSRWFAEEIKKINNAWLVR--EPMLNIVSFQTKN Pfur --VWALIKHLGFEGYMEIVDRAMKLSRWFAEEIKKTPGAWLVR--EPMLNIVSFKTKN Tkod --VWAMIKHLGFDGYKEVVKEKMELARWFASELKKIPGIYLIR--EPVLNIVSFGSEK * * * * Hs67 FKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQINKCLELAEYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFNGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQ- 520 Mm67 FKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQINKCLELADYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFDGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQ- 519 Hs65 FKLWLMWRAKGTTGFEAHVDKCLELAEYLYNIIKNREGYEMVFDGKPQHTNVCFWYIPP- 511 Mm65 FKLWLMWRAKGTTGFEAHIDKCLELAEYLYTIIKNREGYEMVFDGKPQHTNVCFWFVPP- 511 Aful NLFKVSTLMAEKGWYVQSQPGSKKLGFPRSLHFSVIPGHAEVVDEFLEDMREVLPECECS 436 Saci NLAELPTLM--KGWFIQYQPGSRILGFPKSIHLTIAPGHDKVVDEFLRDLERATIELRGK 406 Ptor DIIDLGIKMIENGWYPQIQPGNVFIDMPDSVHLNISPVHLDVADEFLEFFNELDKNVKPR 404 Mmaz PDLVRERLLKKFGWNVSITRTPRALRLVLMPHNSPED-----IELFLEDLKKVTAEIKSP 398 Mbur ADLVRKKLLDEYGWHVSITRNPRALRIVIMPHIKNET-----IELFLKDLAKVIK Mthp PPGVRRALLER-GWHVSMTREPKALRLILMPHMTDEN-----LDLFLSDLEDVLISLRRG 383 Mhun VPSP WVVSYTRK-GDLRIVCMPHVTRDV-----VEAFLSDFGESYVSHIS- 369 Hsal AEFQALR---EEGWRISRTAS-DALRVVCMPHVTREM-----LAAFLDDVDALA Mkan TAERLLRESEREGWKISVSTKPLGVRIVMMPHLDAET-----VSRFLELVARVLGG Mjan --KEVCKKLRDRGIYVSVCNCVKALRIVVMPHIKREH-----IDNFIEILNSIKRD Mmar --HDTCMKLRDENWYVSVCRCVDALRIVVMPHLEIEH-----IDGFLESLSNTKKY Mtht -PHELADRLEELGWAVSVSSCPPAIRVVLMPHIMEEH-----IELLLRDLEGIRLREE Paby -LRKVERELKRRGWGISAHRG--YIRIVFMPHVTKEM-----VEEFLRDLREVLK Phor -LKKVERELKSRGWGISAHRG--YIRIVFMPHVTREM-----IEEFLKDLKEVLS Pfur -LRRVERELKSRGWGISAHRG--YIRIVS--HASCDG-----GHD Tkod -LEELEKELKARGWGVSAHRG--YIRIVVMPHVKREH-----LEEFLRDLREIAKRL * Hs67 SLRGVPDSPQRREKLHKVAPKIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANLFRMVISNPAATQSDI 580 Mm67 SLRGVPDSPERREKLHRVAPKIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANFFRMVISNPAATQSDI 579 Hs65 SLRTLEDNEERMSRLSKVAPVIKARMMEYGTTMVSYQPLGDKVNFFRMVISNPAATHQDI 571 Mm65 SLRTLEDNEERMSRLSKVAPVIKARMMEYGTTMVSYQPLGDKVNFFRMVISNPAATHQDI 571

9 Aful ---YPEMSSFD-----VSKLKFGEDGLPEDSELISELIHSMPPEIVESVFKQFINELIFR 488 Saci RLTLPPLQDFNDLQSIARALGIEEGKLPSNPTLINELMHEMPPELVENVLKLVINEYVFR 466 Ptor -----DKNSYN-----VNSVEKALEMIKMEKSMLFRIIRYSRPEVSEKIFLEMTDEDFTY 454 Mmaz Mbur Mthp G Mhun Hsal Mkan Mjan Mmar Mtht Paby Phor Pfur Tkod Hs67 DFLIEEIERLGQDL Mm67 DFLIEEIERLGQDL Hs65 DFLIEEIERLGQDL Mm65 DFLIEEIERLGQDL Aful ---- Saci PSRS 470 Ptor S Mmaz ---- Mbur ---- Mthp ---- Mhun ---- Hsal ---- Mkan ---- Mjan ---- Mmar ---- Mtht ---- Paby ---- Phor ---- Pfur ---- Tkod ---- Hs Mm Hs Mm

10 Figure S1. Sequence alignment of GAD type proteins. The primary structures of 16 representative archaeal GAD homologs (upper sequences) and 4 mammalian GAD proteins (lower sequences) were aligned with the ClustalW program provided by the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ). Amino acid residues that are conserved only in archaeal GAD homologs are indicated with asterisks and in red, and those shared by archaeal GAD homologs and mammalian GADs are indicated with asterisks and in blue. Residue numbers are indicated on the right. Abbreviations represent the proteins from the following organisms: Aful (Archaeoglobus fulgidus), Saci (Sulfolobus acidocaldarius), Ptor (Picrophilus torridus), Mmaz (Methanosarcina mazei), Mbur (Methanococcoides burtonii), Mthp (Methanosaeta thermophila), Mhun (Methanospirillum hungatei), Hsal (Halobacterium salinarum), Mkan (Methanopyrus kandleri), Mjan (Methanocaldococcus jannaschii), Mmar (Methanococcus maripaludis), Mtht (Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus), Paby (Pyrococcus abyssi), Phor (Pyrococcus horikoshii), Pfur (Pyrococcus furiosus), Tkod (Thermococcus kodakarensis), Hs67 (human GAD67), Mm67 (mouse GAD67), Hs65 (human GAD65) and Mm65 (mouse GAD65).

11 Figure S2 Tomita et al M 6 mer 2 mer (kda) Legend for reviewers Fig. S2. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified, recombinant TK1814 protein. Three micrograms of hexameric and dimeric TK1814 proteins were applied and the gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.

12 Figure S3 Tomita et al Specific activity (nmol min -1 mg -1 ) ph Fig. S3. The effects of ph on the aspartate decarboxylase activity of the TK1814 protein. Symbols: open circles, MES (ph ); open squares, PIPES (ph ); triangles, HEPES (ph ); diamonds, Bicine (ph ); closed circles, Tricine (ph ); closed squares, CHES (ph ).

13 Figure S4 Tomita et al. (A) PpyrF pyrf pud3/ 1814 KUW single crossover insertion PpyrF 1814 pyrf 1814 pyrf PpyrF pop-out recombination 1814 (B) outside ( ) inside ( ) M host Δ host Δ Legend for reviewers Fig. S4. Disruption of the TK1814 gene. (A) The plasmid and recombination strategy to construct the TK1814 gene disruption strain. T. kodakarensis KUW1 (Δ pyrf, Δ trpe) was used as the host strain. Cells that had undergone an initial single crossover insertion were enriched by growing cells in medium without uracil. Cells that had undergone a second, pop-out recombination were selected with resistance toward 5-FOA. (B) PCR analyses of the TK1814 locus. The positions of the primers used are indicated with arrowheads in (A).